Integration Times

Let the sky noise coupled into the balun (after mismatch losses) be Ts and the active balun noise level be Tb. Define sky noise dominance to be: D = Ts/Tb The ratio of the total system noise, Ts + Tb, to the noise in an ideal system with a noiseless balun is: R = (Ts + Tb)/Ts To obtain the same output fluctuation level in a real system compared with an ideal system one must increase the integration time by a factor of R 2. One sees that for D = 6 dB, integration times must be increased by 57%; this seems to me to be practical goal. D = 10 dB with a 21% increase is obviously better. Observations are possible with D = 0 dB or even D =-3dB for strong sources (like the active Sun) where sensitivity is no problem. Even sensitive observations would be possible in these cases, just very slow.